Air brake apparatus



' s G NEAL July lo 1928'. AIR BRAKE APPARATUS Re 17028 5 sheets-sheep@ nUgina kh.. m\

kh, QN MN NNQN QN ATTORNEYS S. G. NEAL AIR, BRAKE APPARATUS Original FledFeb. 17, 1925 July 10, 1928.

,3 Sheets-Sheet l2 QW Q kh,

QN MIN .NN QN QN.

- INVENTOR Spencer 6. /VeaL /QY I ATTORNEYS s. G'. NEAL AIR BRAKE APPARATLLS Original Filed Feb. 17, 1925 July 1o, 1'92&

5 Sheets-Sheet 5 lNvI-:NTOR

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' ATroRNEYs Spencer G vm, MN NN MN QN Aatmsm 5%@ Reissued July l), 1928.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

sPENCER G. NEAL, OF NEW YOEK, N. Y., AssIGNoR 'Ifo AUTOMATIC `strainer-rr AIE BRAKE COMPANY, or WILMINGTON, nELiiWAEE, A CORPORATION or DELAWARE.

AIR-BRAKE APPARATUS.

Original No. 1,601,582, dated September 28, 1926, Serial No. 9,789, led February 17, 1925. Application for i reissue filed August 3, 1927. Serial NoA 210,441.

This invention relates to improvementsin triple valves ofthe Vestinghouse type. In triple valves of this type the main piston, the main slide valve and the graduating valve are moved to release and charging position by an `increase in brake pipe pressure. Upon a reduction of brake pipe pressure for an application of the brakes the auxiliary reservoir pressure moves the main piston and the connected main and graduating valves into application position and air Hows from the auxiliary reservoir to the brake cylinder. Then the auxiliary reservoir pressure has been sufficiently reduced through the flow of air to the brake cylinder the brake pipe pressure will move the main piston and the graduating valve to lap position.

One 4ot' the important objects of this invention is to provide a triple valve of the standard Vestinghouse type with means for securing a graduated release of the brake cylinder pressure.

, Another important object of the invention is to provide a standard Westinghouse type oi. triple valve with an independent suppley mentary or pilot valve means operated to service position by a reduction in brake pipe pressure, and which in service application position will connect` the 'brakepipe to the brake cylinder, the main valve means comprising the main and graduating valves, controlling communication between the auxiliary reservoir and the brake cylinder.

Another object of the invention is to provide a supplementary7 or pilot valve which will be controlled in its movements by bra-ke and brake cylinder pressure. p s

Another important object of the invention is to provide means whereby the supplementary or pilot valve will act as a brake cylinder pressure controlling means and ensure a brake cylinder pressure substanreduction regardless of brake cylinder piston travel and brake cylinder leakage.

Another object of the invention is to provide a triple valve, ofthev type hei-eindef'al scribed, with a release governing .valve having two positions, in one of which'the main slide valve in release position will bringI about a normal full and quick release orf the brakes, the release governing valve in its tially in direct proportion to the brake pipe vis to provide means whereby a standard Westinghouse type offreight triple valve in Cycling operations will automaticallyv build up the brake cylinder pressure above that which .would be normally obtained from a given brake pipe reduction, the said build-up of'brake cylinder pressurebeing wholly dependent vupon the rapidity of the cycling operations sovthat on low gradespthe brake cylinder pressure will` not be built up3 as high as on heavy grades where the cycling operations are frequent and of short duration. The purpose of this automatic buildup of brake cylinder pressure is to avoid the use of manually settableretainers vin grade braking. y

.There are many other important objects andadvantages of the. invention which will hereinafter appear. 1

In order to simplify the description-the various ports and passages will be described `in connection with the various operations of the triplev valve. y

n In the drawings, Fig. l is a diagrammatic sectional view of the triple valve embodying the invention, ythe parts being shown in full lrelease and charging position, vthe release governing valve being 1nY quick release position;

Fig. 2 a view similar to Fig. 'I sl'iowing `the parts in service position; pipe pressure, emergency reservoir pressure .the parts in emergency position:

, 4 a` detail sectional view ot therelease governing valve showing the valve in graduated release posit-ion; and

Fig. 5 adiagrammatic view ofthe apparatus. i

In Fig. 5, Aldesignates the triple valve; B the auxiliary reservoir; C the brake cylinder; D the emergency reservoir; E the bralie pipe; and F the release governing valve stem.

Ffa-ZZ release and charging position.

The system is charged by increasinf'f the viary 'reservoir ythrough passage 7.

`by a lost motion connection and the graduating valve is connected directly to the said stem as is usual in this type of apparatus.

Themain slide valve operates on a main Vslidel valve seat through whlch various ports and rpassages are formed. With the main piston'V in full release and charging position al charging'groove 4 is uncovered so that -air may'flow from Ychamber 1 through said groove past the piston 44 andr into the main slide valve chamber 5. The main slide valve chamber is connected directly to .the aixilda1 chamber 5 vi-s also connected to an emergency reservoir through passage 8, chamber 9 and a port controlled vby a spring-pressed check valve 10. The spring 10a normally holds theV check valve seated and the rising pressure in chamber 9 will unseat said valve and open communication between chamber 9 and the emergency reservoir. The auxiliary reservoir and the emergency reservoir will therefore beA charged at the same time and at the 'same rate. From' chamber 1 brakepipe'air will flow through vthe passage 11 into brake pipe chamber 12 of the-diaphragm structure. VThe lower wall of chamber 12 is'formed by a brake pipe diaphragm 13. `Spaced a suitable distance below the diaphragm 13 is Aa larger brake cylinder diaphragm 53,]said diaphragm being considerably larger .in area than thev brake pipe'diaphragm 13. The diaphragms 13 and 53 formthe upper and lower walls of a brake cylinder chamber 55. Below the brake cylinder diaphragm 53 is arranged an emergency reservoir diaphragm 16, this diaphragm being of the same area as the brake pipe diaphragm 13. Between the diaphragms `53 and 16 is formed a retention chamber 26;

and below the emergency reservoir diaphragm 16 is formed an emergency reservoir vchamber 17. This latter chamber is connected to the -emergency reservoir by passage 18 so thatsaid vchamber will be "charged with emergency reservoirfair.

The diaphragms 13, 53 and 16 are rigidly connected together lat their centers by a stem 13a and move up and down together. These diaphragms have a limited up and down movement, suitable stops being provided for that purpose. Inthe brake cylatmosphere.

inder lequalizing chamber 55 is arranged a horizontal lever 15a which is pivotally connected to the stem 13. One end of said lever is pivotally connected to the valve casing, its other end being connected to a secondary or pilot valve 15, said valve being arranged in a valve chamber 14. The chamber 14 is directly connected to the brake pipe chamber'12 by a passage 14a-'so that brake pipe chamber pressure will always be registered in the chamber 14 and the pressures in the chambers 12 and`14 will always e .chamber 22, and from this chamber to atmosphere through port 23 in the release governing'valve 57, and main atmospheric port 24.

The check valve 10 is openedl foi-'emergencyV applications of the bra-kes by meansv of a piston v30 and a lever 3()a connected thereto and adapted to bear on the projecting end of the valve 10. The piston 3Q reciprocrtes in a chamber 30b and said 'chamber is chargedA from the main slide valve chamber through portv 31 and cavity 31 in the main slide valve and port and passage 32 which leads from the main slide valve seat into chamber 30". The piston 30 therefore is subject on one side to the pressure in chamber 9 and on its otherside to the pressure in `chamber 30'J and said piston remains inoperative in all positions or the main slide valve except thc cil'iergency position, as will be hereinafter described.

A chamber 25 is connected by. passage 25aA tothe retention chamber 26 and is for the purpose of augmenting said chamber 26. The chamber 25V has no function except in graduated release operations, as will be hereinafter described. With the release governing valve in quick release position, as shown in Fig. 1, chamber 25 is vented direct-ly to latmosphere through passage 27', cavity 28 of the release governing valve, and port and passage 29 which leads direct to Chamber 25 is also connected to atmosphere througha small blow down port 25b which leads to the main slide valve seat and into rarcavity 25c in the main slide valve. The cavity 25c connects the port 25b lto an atmospheric port 25d. rIhe 'chamber 25 is -connected by a port 27L to the main slide valve seat and in the release position of the main slide valve this port regi-sters vwith the cavity 20 in the main slide valve so that the chamber 25 is directly connected to the brake cylinder port and passage 19. In emergency application the' brake pipe lill moet

is vented to atmosphere by opening the emergency brake pipe vent valve This valve is connected to a piston 33 which re- 'ciprocates in a chamber 36--36a. The chamber 36 below the. piston 33 isconnected directly to the brake pipe byv passage 35. The piston 33 is provided with a small leak port 37 through which air willpass from chamber 36 into the chamber 36a above said piston. Brake pipe pressure will thereby equalize on opposite sides ol the piston 33 and the valve 34 will be held Closed. A passage 38 leads from the chamber 36a above the piston 33 to the main slide valve seat. In the emergency position of the main slide valve passage 38 is. connected by a cavity 65 in the main slide valve to a port and pas? sage 40 which leads directly into a chamber 39 thereby reducingl the pressure in chamber 3G'LL and permitting the brake pipe pressurein chamber 3G to raise the piston and` open the valve 34. In the release and service positions of the main slide valve vchaiiiber 39 is connected direct to atmosphere through-cavity 41, and secondary atmospheric port 42, as will be more fully hereinafter described. In the service position `oi the main slide vvalve this communication is through port 43 and cavity 41.

i Service .posz'zifoia A service application of the brakes is brought about by a service reduction in brake pipe pressure in the usual manne-r and the pressure in chamber 1 will bereduced "below the auxiliary-.pressure inv chamber 5.

When. a' given differential in pressure has been established in these two chambers `piston 44 and the stem 45 which is connected thereto, and the main and graduating valves will be moved toward Athe lett by the superior auxiliary reservoir pressure in chamber 5. The initial movement of the piston and the stein 45 will first take up the lost motion between the extension 46 of the stem and the inaiiijslide valve. This initial. movementwill also move vthe graduating valve touncover the service port 49 in thel main slide valve. Thereafter the main slide valve will move with the piston stem until the piston engages the graduating stem 47 where it will be stopped in service position. The moveinentof the` stem 47 is resisted by the graduating spring 48, said spring having suiicient tension to hold the piston and the main slide .valve in service position when a service reduction in brake pipe pressure has been made '.(see `Fig. 2).

The movement ofthe main slide valve lto service position closes communication between the brake cylinder passage 19 and the release cavity 2O of the slide valve 6 and the service port 49 is brought into register with the brake cylinder p sage 1t). `Auiliary reservoir air is then free to tiovv trom chamber '5 direct to the brake cylinder through the passage 50 in the stem 45, port 49 of the main slide valve and the brake cylinder passage 19which leads direct to the brake cylinder.A The size of the service port 49 is such as to permit a reduction ot' the auxiliary pressure vat practically the same rate as a service reduction of brake pipe pressure. The purpose of this uniform reduction of both the bralre pipe pressure and the auxiliary reservoir pressure is to prevent a pressure differential on piston 44 that would tend to compress the graduating spring 43, thus preventing the piston and the slide valves operating` to emergency posit-ion when a brake pipe reduction yis made only `at a service rate. In this service position of the main slide valve chamber 30h will be .in direct comm unication with the auxiliary reservoir chamber 5through passage 32, cavity 311l and port 31 of the main slide valve and passage 50 in the mainslide' valve stem, with the result that there will be no movement o`i' the piston 30 and the emergency reservoir will remain sealed. The vbrake cylinder will be connected to the equalizing chamber of the pilot valve structure through rpas- 51, cavity (54 of the main slide valve and passage 52 which leads direct to cham- This communication permits the supplementary or pilot valve to both supply and release airfrom the brake cylinder so long 'as the vmain slide valve 6 is in service position. i

` The reduction of brake pipe pressure in chamber l will result ina corresponding reduction of pressure in the brake pipe chamber 12 of the diaphragm structure, resulting in an upward movement of the valve 15. This Aupward movement 'results from the reductionof the pressure in chamber 12 below the undisturbed emergency reservoir pres sure in chamber 17 beneath the diaphragm 16. When the pilot valve 15 has been moved upwardly into service position brake pipe air will flow tothe brake cylinder through port.I 54 in the pilot valve, equalizin'g chamfber 55, passage 52, cavity 64 of the main lll) slide valve and passage 51 which leads direct into the brake cylinder passage 19. It is therefore clear that in the servi-ce position `of the main slide valve air will flow vto the "brake cylinder from auxiliary reservoir through the main slide-valve and `also from the brake pipe to thebrake cylinder through the independent pilot. valve. Brake .pipe

air will 'be utilized for building up the brake y cylinder pressure anda quick `serial action lwill result.

Service Zap position.

lili

The means which' establishesl the dual communication between the auxiliary reserdependently of each other. The main valve means controlling communication between the auxiliary reservoir and the brake cylinder is lapped on the volumetric principle whereby the main slide valve and piston will be Operated to the rightto cause the graduating valvev to cut off communication between chamber 5 and port 49 of the slide valve when the pressure in chamber 5 has been reduced slightly below the brake pipe pressure inA chamber 1. the standard WVestinghouse type of'freight triple valve, takes place when a. given volurne has been exhausted from the auxiliary reservoir, and the effectiveness in resultant brake cylinder pressure is determined by `the length of the 'brake cylinder piston travel, lwhich of course, governs the brake cylinder volume. The connection between the brake pipe and the brake cylinder controlled `by the secondary valve means is closed when a given brake cylinder pressure has been developed,` this pressure being registered at all vtimes in the equalizing chamber and when this pressure is raised to a point where the reduced lbrake pipe pressure in chamber 12 and the increase in pressure in the equalizing chamber 55 will oppose the undisturbed emergency reservoir pressure in chamber 17, the pilot valve will be moved downward to lap position and the service port of the pilot valve will be closed. Should the piston travel beshortor less than normal (8) an abnormal brake cylinder pressure will be developed beore the graduating valve 56 will be lapped, and the pressure in the equalizing chamber 55 between diaphragms 13 and 53 will likewise be abnormal. The diaphragms will be lowered and the pilot valve will be moved'to release position rand communicationwill be established between thebrake cylinderand atmosphere so that the abnormal, developed, brake cylinder pressure will be reduced to normal pressureby the balancing operation of the diaphragms. Should the piston travel be greater than normal the flow of auxiliary reservoir pressure to the brake cylinder will not develop a normal pressure therein, with the result thatthe pilot valve will be raised to or held in service position bythe diaphragms andbrake pipe pressure willthen How tothe brake vcylinder to make up any` pressure which `was lacking at the time the vgraduating valvel assumed lap position. The operation of the pilot .valve as just described, willof course tend to reduce the brake pipe vpressure which in turn will if sulicient, again operate the graduating valve and-piston to service position, so that the additional air required to develop nor-,- mal brake cylinder pressure where Vthere is' an abnormally long piston travel will be taken from both the auxiliary reservoir and the brake pipe. If the' brake pipe pressure This operation, as 1n I yof the stem 57a.

is held constantly at any predetermined service reduction, the brake cylinder will be "maintained, against leakage by the diavphragm'operated pilot valve 15 alone; but

should another service brake pipe reduction be made, air pressure will flow to the brake `cylinder both from the auxiliary reservoir and the brakepipe.

e Qwck release.

`position the large release port 23 connects the release governing valve chamber 22 to the large atmospheric port 24. This position of the valve is illustrated in Fig. 1.

A'A release of brake cylinder pressure is obtained by increasing the brake pipe pres- .sure inthe usual manner- When the brake pipe pressure is raised in chamberl to exceed the pressure in the auxiliary reservoir chamber 5 sulliciently to operate the piston and the main slide valve to releasefposition communication will be established from the brake cylinder direct to atmosphere through the release cavity 2O of the main slide valve and thence to atmosphere through the release governing valve chamber 22 as described in connection with the charging of the system. The auxiliary reservoir will be recharged from the brake pipe through the charging groove 4 as hereinbefore described. It will not be "necessary, however, to charge the emergency reservoir becausethe air in said reservoir has been maintained' undisturbed. The movement of the main slide valveto release position carries the cavity 64 out of register with the ports 51 and'52 thereby preventing the pilot valve from feeding brake pipe pressure yto the brake-cylinder when the` brake pipe pressure 1s raised wardly and Willcarry the pilot valve torelease position. In theA release position of this valve the equalizing chamber 55v will be connected to atmosphere through cavity v61 in the pilot valve, passage 62, cavity 41 of the main slide valve and atmospheric port 42. Thepressure in chamber 55 will not be completely exhausted to atmosphere until the brake pipe pressure in chamber 12 has been raised to an equality with the undisturbed reservoir pressure in chamber 17. The equalizing chamber 55 will `be cut off from communication with the brake cylinder when cav'it-y 64 has been moved out of register with passage 52. It the communication between passages 51 and 52 were not cut olf and main slide valve did move to release position the operation would be as follows: The sloyvr increase in brake pipe pressure such as does exist inl a long train when releasing the brakes, would operate the pilot valve to release position, and the brake cylinder pressure would be released through the diaphragm structure, at a rate proportional to the increase in brake pipe pr re. But when the main slide valve is opeiated to release position to quickly exs liaustthe brake cylinder pressure, the pressure in the equalizing chamber 55 is alsoA reduce-d at the same rate and the result would. be that because ot the quick reduction ot pressure in chamber 55 the pilot ralnvewould operaie to service position and feed brake Pip@ air int-.o the` `brake Cylinf der in the saine manner as it would when maintaining brake cylinder leakage. Vith i `the communication closed `between passages '51 and 52, the pilotvalve operation is pre-` cisely as just described, but the brake pipe pressure entering passage 52 cannot :tlovv to the brake cylinder throughpassage l because the cavity 64 has `been moved out of register with passage 52.

Service application when operati/ng in graduated release. The release governing `valve is shii'ted to the lett, as illustrated iii 4l of the draivv ings, in order to adjust the triple v alve for graduated release operations. This move.- inent ot the release governing valve closes the large atmospheric port `24 and closes the atmospheric port 29. This movement of the valve therefore closes communication ble-yY tween the retention chamber 25 and atmospheric port- 29 and also communication be-l tween tlie brake cylinder exhaust port 21 and the atmospheric port 2st. A cavity v(iQ in the release governing valve will connect together passages 58 and 59. Passage 58A leads diiect to the brake cylinder passage 19. Passage 5,9 leads'direet to passage 5-2. Passage 52 leads from the main slide valve seat direct to the brake cylinder pressure equalizing chamber 55. Vhen., therefore, the release governing valve is in graduated ref `lease position the equalizingchamber 55` is connected in all positions ot the main slide valve, and independently ot' theinain slide valve, with the brake cylinder passage 19.l

'lhe service operation ot the triple valve as a ivhole is precisely as described under the heading Service position, the main slidevalve in service position connecting the auri-V iliarv reservoir to the brake cylinder andy the independent or supplementary valve 15 connecting the brake pipe to the brake cylinder. Vith the release governing valve` in graduated release position the equalizing chamber 55 is connected to the brake cyliri-4 der through passage 52, passage 59, cavity in the release governing valve, passage- 58 `to the brake cylinder passage 19, so that brak-e pipe air Will loiv, to the brake cylin-k der independe'iitlyT ot the main slide valve.v

Graduated release.

The release operation, when operating iii graduated release is Wholly controlled by the independent pilot valve 15, the release ii'iovenients oi' the main slide valve being idle in graduated release operations.

1When operating in graduated release, an

increase in brake pipe pressure Will operate the piston and main slide valve to release position as hereinbefore described, but the brake cylinder pressiire cannot be quickly released to atmosphere because the port 23 'of the. release governing valve is moved out ot' register with the atmospheric port The purpose of connecting the passages 58 and 59`by the cavity GO ot' the release governing valve is to permit4 the `pilot valve to release brake cylinder pressureto atmosf` phere While the main slide valye is in release position, thisbeingvprevented when operating in quick release, as herein described.

The flow of air from the brake cylinder` to ailiiespher@ will be when operating in smduated release, as follows: Brake cylinder pressure will flow `through passages 19'iand 58,' Cavity 6() ofthe release governing valve and passages '59 and 52, Whichlead direct to the equalizling chamber55 between diaphragins 13 and', and from this clgiainber tothe atmosphere through cavity (51 to the pilot valve passage .62, cavity Ll1 ofthe main Slide vulve, vand the atmospheric Part 2l lFrom the above description it ivill be unf der stood that when operating in graduated release the brake `cylinder is supplied with pressure both from the auxiliary reservoir andthe brakepipe when abrake pipe reduction `is made; but the .discharge of pres` sure therefrom is controlled entirely by the pilot` valve and ,the amount of pressure ref duction is dependent upon the. amount of increase in brake pipe pressure.

The release of brake cylinder pressure will be in direct proportion to the Vincrease in brake pipe pressure registered in the brake pipe chamber 12. By increasing thel pressure in chamber' 12 a predetermined amount, for insta-nce live pounds, the diaphragm structure will be moved doivnvvardly and the pilot valve will be moved to release position. Brake cylinder pressure in chainber 55 will be released to atmosphere 4as here-` inbeiore described. lhen .the pressure in chamber 55, and consequently in the brake cylinder, is reduced to sucha degree that ino l (ifi l ll U iis the' undisturbed emergency reservoir lpres!l sure in chamber 17 Will overcome the opposing pressures i-n the .brake pipechaniber 12 and inthe equalizing chamber 55 the diaphragme will be moved upwardly and the pilotvalve will be moved to lap position to prevent further escape of air fromthe chamber 55 and from the brake cylinder. If it be desired to stillfurther reduce brake cyl' inder pressure afurther increase in brake pipe pressure will be made and the release operationL will be repeated; Ifit'be desired to increase thev brake cylinder pressure the l brake pipe'pressure will be reduced and the release and re-charge.

as'what is called a certainvalue, thatfis to tainers. grades.

pilot valve will move to application position and the `main slide valve :will also moveto application position. In this vmanner the brake cylinder pressure may be -increased or diminished by steps bvvdecre'asing or i.n

rcreasing the brake pipe pressure.

Auto/matie brake cylinder pressure retention Y l means. ,A Y

In operating trains equipped 'with the present vstandard freight brake, such as the Well* known Testinghouse K` type of triple valve', it is the usualpractice to turn' up pressure retainers when,A descending a fg'r'ade.

The purpose of thevretainer'is to hold a cer-v tainpressurein the brake cylinder while re-y leasing the brakes and re-'charging the auxiliary reservoir. When descending grades with the trains equipped lwith the ordinary standard freight brakeof the Westinghouse type' it is the practice to applythe brakes to retard the `speed of the train; tov hold' the brakes applied for a brief period, labout thir'- f ty or forty seconds; to then release the brakes and re-charge the auxiliary reservoir,

'this release, and' recharging period being short, usually yforty to sixty seconds; and then if the grade is long and heavy to again apply the brakes for a brief period and to again release themand re-chargev the auxiliary reservoir. AThis operation is whatis known as cycling and it is continued during the entire run down the grade.- If the gradeA` is heavyv the application and "holding fand' `the release and re-charging operations vfollow each other rapidly andare of short duration. It is essential that the release and re-charge operations shall vbe as short as possible and be followed immediately by a rapplication of the brakes in order to prevent undue acceleration of the train on the grade.

The retainers'are weighted vor loadedvalves which retain a certain Vportionof the brake cylinder pressure during the period of These retainers have say, they are constructed'to retain' a certain number of pounds pressure: in the brake cylinder, and that fixes the value ,of the re- These values varyA for'Y different A retainer of light value will be used on trains running down lo'w grades and a retainer of high value Vwillibeused on trains running down heavy grades. The

heavy value retainers retain a heavier pressurev in the brake cylinders during the release and re-charging period.

min

The triple valve herein described provides y means for automatically building up the brake cylinder pressure during cycling operations and avoids the/use of themanually settable retainers. 1

The release governingivalve vin graduated release position, as shown in Fig. 4, prevents the exhaust of pressure from the retention chamber 25 through the atmospheric port 29. l/Vhenthe main slide valve is in release position the release cavity 20 y thereof connects the brake cylinder passageY 19-to the port 27a leading into the retention chamber' so that brake cylinder pressure Will How into the retention chamber.

A cavity 25@ of the main slide valve will connect the When the main slide pheric port 42.. The ports 27feand 25b will be restricted ports, 25b being more restricted than 27a so that a certain predetermined vproportion ofthe pressure fiowing into chamber 25 through the `'port 27a will be retained therein and said pressure vwill be built up in the retention chamber 26. The amount of pressure built up in the chamber 26 will be dependent upon thev length ot time the main'slide valve remains in release position. During the entire time that the main slide valve remains in releasepositio'n brake cylinder pressure will be flowing into chamber 25 through port 27a and will be iowing from said chamber to atmosphere through theport25". This flow ofair -will not be'interrupted when the independent valve 15 is moved to lap position. Thepressure built up in the retention chamber 26 will oppose the brake cylinder pressure on the opposite side of the diaphragm 53 but Will valways be less than said pressure.` When the brake pipe pressure is again reduced for .another-application of the brakes the main slide valve will move to service position thereby cutting off further discharge of air Afrom Achamber-25 and interrupting the flowV `of, air into said chamber.v Thus the pressure built up in chambers 25=a`nd 26 will be retained therein and air will flow from the auxiliary reservoir to the 'brake cylinder as hereinbefore described. The reduction of V,brake pipe pressure in chamber 12 will res'ult in the independentor pilotvalve moving to= service position to connect Vthe brakepipe y tothe brake cylinder." The independent valve llo will remaingin service position kuntil the equalizing chamber 55 must be greater than.

would `have been necessary with no pressure in the retention chamber. The result `will be that a higher brake `cylinder pressure will be built up and this degree of pressure will be dependent upon the amount of pressure trapped .in the retention chamber. As hereinbe'fore stated the amount of pressure trapped in the retention chamber will be dependent u pon the length of time the main slide valve remains'in release position, the shorter the period of release the higher will be the pressure in chamber 26 and the longer the period of release the lowerl the trapped pressure will be. lt is therefore clear that in cycling operations the brake cylinder pressure will be built up in accordance with the rapidity of the braking cycles.` On heavy grades the cycling-"will'be rapid and the periods of release will be short while on low grades cycling operations will be slower and the periods of release will b e longer. The result will bc that when cycling on heavy grades there will be a greater build up of brake cylinder pressure than there will be when cycling on low grades. It is also manifest that by holding the main slide valve in release position for a sutiicient timel the entire brake cylinder pressure will be released. In these release operations the main slide valve is idleexceptthat it connects the small blow down or leak port D to atmos-v phere. rl`he amount of brake cylinder pressure escaping through said port 25b will be small as compared with the amount of brake cylinder pressure exhausted through the independent pilot valve and the atmospheric port 42. 1

i/Vhen the release governing valve is in quick release position chamber 25 is open to atmosphere `through the atmospheric port- 29 `andthere will be no appreciable build up or accumulation of pressure. in chambers 25 and 26 when the main slide valve is moved to releasel position.

Emergency position..

The brake pipe pressure is reduced in the usual manner at'an emergencyv rate for lan emergency application of the bra-kes. This emergency reduc-tion in chamber 1 will be suiiicient to permit the auxiliary reservoir pressure in chamber 5 to move the main piston l letto the extreme limit of its movementtoward the left against the tension of the graduating spring 48. This movement of the piston and the pist-on stem will carry the main slide valve to emergency posilpassage 8.

tion as shown in Fig. 3. With the main slide valve in emergency position the chamber will be vented to atmosphere through passage A32, cavity L11 of the main slide valve and atmospheric port 42. Auxiliary reservoir pressure in chamber 9 will thereupon torce the piston 30* inwardly to the position shown in Fig. and the lever 30 will unseat the check valve l() and permit the emergency reservoir air to iiow direct to thechamber 5 through chamber 9 and Airfrom the auxiliary reservoirl and the emergency reservoir will How direct to the brake cylinder through the emergency port (53 of the main slide valve and brake cylinder passage 19.

The brake pipe vent valve is opened to effect ar rapid and positive serial emergency action throughout the train. Then the main slide valve is in emergency position the chamber 362L abovel the vent valve piston `is vented into the chamber 9 through passage 38, cavity (55 in the main slide valve, port and passage which leads to the chamber 59. Cha1nber39 is at atmospheric pressure in vall positions of the main slide valve except emergency position. TWhen the chamberv 3G is vented, as described, the brake pipe pressure below the piston will raise said piston and Aopen the brake pipe vent valve 3ft, thereby permitting brake pipe pressure to flow directly to atmosphere. When the brake sure has been reduced sufficiently to bring `about approximately an equalization between the `pressure above and below the piston the valve 3a will beclosed by the` vspring 6G and the air velocity past the valve.

The emergency operation of the triple valve, whether operated in graduated release or in quick release, is' precisely as described, except that whenloperating in graduated release any pressure existing in the retention chamber at the time of the emergency operation will be held or trapped therein. yPressure in all otl the other chambers of the triple valve will be equalized. As'sh'own in F ig. 3 air will How from chamber 5 into chamber l2 through passage 11k when the main piston ist is in emergency position so that the pressures in chambers 12, and

\ 17 will be equalized. Airwill leak through the port 37 to more quickly bring about an equalization of pressures on opposite sides of the piston Release of tltebwtleesafer fm evitergency application.

The release of the brakes aftter an emergency application is obtained by increasing pipe presy release governing valve be in `graduated release position, the release ofA the brake cylinder pressure will be controlled entirely by the pilot lvalve and will be reduced at a n slow rate, whereas should this valve be in quick 1 release position, the brake cylinder pressure Will'be quickly released through the main slide va ve and release governingv valve. rlhe rising brake pipe pressure iii chamber will leak through the'port 37 in order to maintain an equalization of pressures on opposite sides ot the piston 33.

What I claim: l l. An air brake apparatus comprising an emergency reservoir, an auxiliary reservoir,

a brake pipe, a brake cylinder, means sub ject vto brake pipe pressure and auxiliary reservoir pressure and operating upon a vreduction in brake pipe pressure to open conimunication between the auxiliary reservoir and the brake cylinder and to closecoinmunication between the brake pipe and auxiliary reservoir, said'coininunication cwith the brake cylinder being closed upon an equalization` of' pressures in the brake pipe andin thevauxiliary reservoir whereby a ceri tainv volume of air will be discharged from the-auxiliary reservoir to the brake cylinder for-a given brake pipe reduction, and means operated by emergency reservoir pressure upon a reduction of brake-pipe pressure to place the brake pipe in communication .with the brake cylinder, said means closing said communication when the combined brake cylinder pressure and reduced brake pipe pressure dominates the emergency res-` ervoir pressure and thereafter controlling the degree of pressure retained in the brakeA cylinder. i,

2. An air brake apparatus comprising yan emergency reservoir, an auxiliary reservoir, a brake pipe, a brake cylinder, means sub` ject to brake pipe pressure and auxiliary reservoir'pressure and operating upon a re- .duction in brake pipe pressure to open communication between the auxiliary reservoir and the brake cylinder and to close communi- Y cation between the brake pipe and auxiliary reservoir, said communication withv the brake cylinder being closed upon an equali z'ationof pressures in the brake pipe and in thefauxiliaryA reservoir whereby a certain volume' of air will be discharged from the auxiliary reservoir to the brake cylinder for a given brake pipe reduction, and means operated by emergency reservoir pressure upon a reduction of brake pipe pressure to.

place the brake pipe in communication with the brake cylinder, said means closing said communication when the combined brake cylinder pressure andL reduced brake pipe pressure dominates the emergency reservoir 3. An air brakeY apparatus comprising an'l emergency reservoir, an auxiliary reservoir,

a` brake cylinder, a brake pipe, and two valve devices operated by a reduction of brake pipe pressure,'one of said valve devices closingcommunication between biake pipe and auxiliary reservoir and placing the auxiliary reservoir in communication with the brake cylinder and closing saidbrake cylinder communication upon an equalization ot brake pipe and auxiliary reservoir pressures, whereby a certain volume ot' air will be discharged from the auxiliary reservoir iiito'tlie brake cylinder for a given brake pipe reduction,"the other valve device placing the brake pipe in communication with the brake cylinder and closing said communication when-a predetermined brake cylinder pressure is secured from auxiliaryv device placing the brake pipe` in communi` cation with the brake cylinder4 andclosing said communication when a predetermined brake cylinder pressure is secured from the auxiliary reservoir and brake pipe, said other valve device being controlled by brake pipe, brake cylinder and emergency reservoir pressures.

5. An air brake apparatus comprising an emergencyres'ervoir, an auxiliary reservoir,

, a brake cylinder, a brake pipe, a main valve device 'andi a `secondaryvalve device both of said devices being operated by a reduction of brake pipe pressure, the main valve device closing communication betweenvthe brakepipeand auxiliary reservoir and placing the auxiliary reservoir in communication with the brake cylinder and closing said brake cylinder communication upon an, equalization of brake pipe and'auxiliaryv reservoir pressures, whereby a certain volume of air will be discharged from the auxiliary reservoir into the brake cylinder for a given brake pipereduction, said mainl Valve device also operating upon a sudden reduction of brake-pipe pressure to place the emergency reservoir and auxiliary reservoir in communication with the brake cyliiider for an emergency application of the kbrakes,the secondary valve .device placing the brake pipe in communication with the lun brake cylinder and closing said communication when a predetermined brake cylinder pressure is secured from auxiliary reservoiruand brake pipe, said` secondary valve device being controlled by brake pipe, brake cylinder and emergen-cy reservoir pressures.

,fr triple valve Alfoihair brakeapparatus comprising a main slide valve, a graduating' valye, a piston connected tosaid valves and subje-:yt on one side to brake pipe pressure and on itsotlier side vto auxiliary reservoir piv 'ure and operating upon an 'increase of bralze pipo .pressure vto, move said valves to release position to connect the brakel cylinder to a main exhaust port and to open acertain volume of air will be discharged from the auxiliary reservoir tothe brake cylinderlfor a given brake pipe reduction, a, secondary or pilot. valve subject to brake pipe, brake cylinder and emergency reser yoir pressures and operating upon a reductionin` brake pipe pressure to connect the brakepipe to lthe brake cylinder and operating upon an` increase brake pipe pressure to connect the `brake cylinder to atmosphere through a secondary exhaust port, a release governing val-ve having a quick release position `and a 'graduated release position, said `valve in `quick release position opening. the

ymain brake cylinder exhaust port to atmoslpliere and in its ygradurated release position closing said main lexhaust port and opening communication between thebrake cylinder` and the secondary exhaust port through graduated `the' pilot valve vwhereby the pilot valve Will control the exhaust of brake cylinder pressure when the release governing valve is in release position, and means whereby the main slide valve will control brake cylinder exhaust through the pilot valve and the secondary exhaust port.

7. An air brake apparatus comprising an emergency reservoir` an auxiliary reservoir, a brake pipe, a brake cylinder, main valve means subject to brake. pipe pressure and auxiliary reservoir pressure and` operating vupon a reduction in brake` pipe pressure to open ccniniunication between `the auxiliary reservoir and the brake cylinder and to close communication between the braliepipe and auxiliary reservoir, said communication with the brake cylinder being closed upon an equalization of pressures in the brake pipe and in the auxiliary reservoir whereby a `cen-tain volume of air will be discharged Jfrom the auxiliary reservoir tothe brake` cylinder for a given brake pipe reduction,

and a secondary or. pilot valve operating upon a reduction off brake pipe pressure to f" iiit brake pipe air onlyto the brake cylinderiuntil a predetermined pressure is built up in said brake cylinlderifroin the auxiliary reservoir and brake pipe, whereby the movement ol the said main valve means Will vbe iiiiuile certain by the local reductionoffbrake pipe pressure and the predetermined pressure in the brake cylinder Will be maintained regardless of brake cylinder leaks and variations in brake cylinder piston travel.

8.` ijiii air `brake apparatus comprising an emergencyreservoir,v an` auxiliary reservoir, a brake pipe, a brake cylinder, main valve ii'ieans subject to brake pipe pressure and ai'ixiliary reservoir pressure and operating upon a reduction in brakepipe pressure to communicationbetween the brake pipe and auxiliary reservoir, said communication with theY brake cylinder being closed upon an equalization ci' pressure in the brake pipe and in the auxiliary'reservoir whereby a certain volume of air will be discharged from the auxiliary reservoir to the brake cylinder for a given brake pipereduction,`

said main valve means operating 4uiiionaiii increase of brake pipe pressureV toconne'ct the brake cylinder to a main exhaust port,

means operatingupon an increase of brake pipe pressure to slowly release brake cylinder pressure through a secondary'exhaust port and independent of the main exhaust port of the main valve means andA at auniform rate without regard tothe ldegree of increased brake pipe pressure, and manually ope i main exhaust meansineiiective andthe secondary exhaust means eifectiveand in an another position rendering the main exhaust means effectivel and theseco'ndary exhaust means ineffective. y i

f `9. An air brake apparatus comprising an emergency reservoir, an auxiliary reservoir, a brake pipeia brake cylinder, main, valve means subject to` brake pipe pressure and auxiliary reservoir pressure and operating upon a reduction in brake `pipe pressure to `open communication betiveen the auxiliary reservoir and the brake cylinder and to` .ilemeans in one position rendering the open communication ,bet-Weeny the auxiliary,v

roo

from the auxiliary reservoir to the brake I cylinder for a given brake pipe reduction, said main valve `means operating upon an increase of brake pressure to connect lthe brake cylinder' tofa, main exhaust port,

ascccndary valve means operating upon a `rcduction ofy brakepipe pressure to place the brake pipe ,in communication with the brake cylinder and close said communication when` a predetermined brake cylinder pressureis secured `from "tlie auxiliary reservoir and brake pipe, and' operatingupon an inemergency reservoir, an auxiliary reservoir,

a brake pipe, a brake cylinder, main valve, means subject to` brake pipe pressure and A'auxiliaryjreservoir pressure vand operating upon a :reduction inbrake pipe pressureto open. communication between the auxiliary reservoir and the brake cylinder and to'close communication between the' brake Vpipe vand auxiliary reservoir, said communication with the brake cylinder being -closed, upon an equalization of pressurev in the brake pipe andin `the auxiliary reservoir whereby at certain `volume 'of air will be 'discharged from the `auxiliary reservoir to the brake' cylinder forA av given brake pipe reduction,-

said main [valve means operating upon an increase of brake pipe pressure to connect the brakecylinderto a main exhaust poit, a secondary independent valve operating upon a reduction in brake pipe pressure tol con-y 4nect'gthe brake Apipe tothe brake cylinder andfto vclose saidcominunication when a predetermined brakecylinder pressure is se- :cured from the 'auxiliary'reservoir and the 1 brake pipe and operating upon an increase of brake pipe pressure to release position .to connect the brakecylinderj to atmosphere p through a secondarytexhaust port, means controlled by brake pipe `and brake cylinder "pressures opposed' tothe pressure of an emergency` rese'rvoirfor actuating said. independent Vvalve,"and means whereby Said pressure controllingvalve will maintain the brake cylinder'. pressure V in direct 'propor- A`brake cylinder pressure.`

Ition Lto `the brake pipel reduction the brake A cylinder pressure moving said independent valve to release position when said pressure exceeds thedesired bralre cylinder pressure,

and emergency reservoir pressure movingl said valve to application position when the brake cylinder pressure is below the desired 1l.. A triple valvefor airfbrake apparatus comprisingr a main slide valve, a graduating `valve, a piston connected to said valves and subject on one side to brake'pipe pressure 4when said slide valve and on its other side to auxiliary reservoir pressure and operating luponV an increase of brake pipe pressureto move the said valves to'y release position to connect the'biake cylinder to a main exhaust port and to open communication from the'brake pipe to auxil-v iary reservoir, and operating upon a reduction 'ot brake pipe pressure to move said valves to application position to connect Vthe auxiliary reservoir to the brake cylinder and to close communication from the brake pipe to auxiliary reservoir, said communication with the brake cylinder being closed upon an equalization of pressures in the brake pipe and in the auxiliary reservoir whereby a certain'volume of air'will be discharged from the auxiliary reservoir tothe brake' cylinder for avgiven brake pipereduction, ajsecondary independent valve controlling a lrestricted secondary exhaust port. adapted to slowly release brake cylinder pressure upon an increase in brake pipe pressure `for a release of the brakes, and means controlled by bralic pipe and brake cylinder pressures opposed to the pressure of an emergency reservoirior actuating said'independent valve.'`

12. A- triple valve for air brake apparatus comprising a main slide valve,'a graduating valve, a pistonconnected to said valves and Y subject on one side to brake pipe pressure and on its other side to auxiliary reservoir pressure land operating upon an increase of brake pipe pressure to move the said valves to release position to connect the brake :cylinder yto a main exhaust port and to open communication from the brake pipe'toauxiliary reservoir, and loperating upon areduction of bra-ke pipe pressure to move said yvalves to Aapplication position to connect the auxiliary reservoir to the brake cylinder and' to close communication from the brake "pipe to auxiliary reservoir, said communication with the brake cylinder being' closed upon an equalization of pressures in they brake pipe and in the auxiliary reservoir whereby a certainv volume of. air will be discharged from the auxiliary reservoir toy the brake cylinder for' a given brake pipe reduction, and a secondary independent valve operating upon a decrease in brake pipe pressure to connect the brake pipe alone to the brake .cylinder through a cavity'in the main valve p is in. service applica-A tion position. i e 7 i Y 13'. A triple valve for air bralrey apparatus comprising a main slide valve, a graduating valve, a piston connected to said valves and subjectL on one side'tobrake pipe pressure and on its other side to auxiliary reservoir pressure and operating upon anvincrease of brake pipe pressure to move the said valves tov release position to connect 'the ,brake cylinder to a main exhaust portandtoopen communication from the brake pipe to auxiliary reservoir, and operating upon a reduc-v tion"` of brake ypipe pressure to move said valves to'application positionto connect: the auxiliary'freservoiif tot-lie brake. cylinder and to'closecomrnunication from the brake pipe to auxiliary reservoir, said communication withthe brake cylinder being' closed upon an equalization of pressures in the hral-:e pipeand in' the auxiliary reservoir whereby a certain volume .of air will` he discharged from the auxiliary reservoirv to the brake cylinder for a "given brake pipe reduction,

a "secondary indeper'ideiit` valve operating upon" a' decrease in brake' pipe pressure to connect the brake pipe alone to the hi'alre cylinderlthrou'gh aieavity in"v the main slide valve .when saidslidevalve is in service ap- Elication position; and"` means controlled hy rake l pipe a1id'brake cylinder pressures opposed to* the pressure of an` eiiiei'gencyl reservoir for actuating said independent valve.

14.- A triple valve for air brake apparatus comprising'a main slide valve, ay graduating valve, awpistoii connected to said valves and subject-on1 one side to' brake pipe pressure andon its other side toV auxiliary' reservoir pressure. and operating upon an increase of rake pipelpressure to move the said valves to release position to connect `t-he brake cylinder toa main exhaust port and to open communication rom'th'ehralre pipe to auxiliary reservoiigand operating u'pon a reduc* 'tion' of, brake pipe pressure to move said valves to application position to connect the auxiliary reservoirto the brake cylinder and to closeicommunication from the brake pipe to auxiliary reservoir, `said communica-tionwithfthe brake" `cylinder beingclosed upon an equalizationof pressures in the brake crease in brake pipe pressure to release posi-v tion to connect the brake cylinder to atmosphere through a secondary restricted port.

15. A triple valve for air brake apparatus comprising aimain slide valve, a graduating y valve, Ha y piston'r connected Vto said valvesv andisubjectonone side to brake. pipe pressure and on its Aother si'devto auxiliary reservoir -pressure and operating upon an increase vnoi" brake pipe, pressure to move the sa'idfvalves to release position tov connect `the lbrake cylinder to a main exhaust `port y and to open communication from the brake pipeto auxiliary reservoir,gand operating dependent valve.

in thel brake pipe and inthe auxiliary'reser voir whereby a certain volume ofair will be discharged from the auxiliary reservoir towthe' brake cylinder for agiven brake pipe' reduction, a quick release valve con- -trolling` a main` exhaust through the main slide valve and adaptedv `to be manually operated to 'render the" main exhaust through the slide valve `ineffective in releaseoperations, a secondary independent valve operating upon a decreaseV in'brake pipe pressure to connect the' brake pipe to the brakeeylinder and operatingl upon an intion to connecttliebrake cylinder to atmoscontrolledhy brake pipe and brake cylinder pressures opposed to` the pressure of an emergency reservoir for actuating said' iny16. A' triplev valve for air brake vappara-- tusxcomprising a mainsli'de valve, a graduating valve, a` piston connected vto said valves and subject, on oneside4 to brake pipe pressure and onits other side to auxiliary reservoir pressure and` operating 'upon an increase of loialreI 4pipepressure tomove the said'r valves toyreleaseposition toconnectv the brake cylinder toga Ina-ini exhaust port and Ato opencoiiimunicatioii' from the brakepipe to auxiliary reservoir, and opera'ting'fv upon a reduction of brakevpipe pres-` sure" to` move y said valves to lapplication vposition tol connect `(the auxiliary reservoir to the `brakecylinder and to'close communication `fronithe brake pipeI 'toauxiliary reservoir;v said i communication with ithe brake cylinder being closed upon'` an equalizationof pressures-,in the brake pipe andin thefauxiliary reservoir ,whereby a certa-in volume of `air wil-libe discharged from the auxiliary reservoir to the bralecylinder for a given brakepipe reduction, a quick release valve controlling a main exhaust through the main vslide valve and adapted to be manu-ally operated to render the main exhaust through the 1nia-iiil slide valve ineffectiveyin release operations, a secondary in-` dependentvalvegoperating ulp'oii a decrease in brake pipe y 4pressure tojconiiec't Ithe" llorake pipe tothe brake cylinder andoperating upon anincrease inbraflge pipe" pressure `to release position* to connect the brakecylini der to atmosphere througha secondary extitl crease inbrakepipe pressure to vreleasenposi'- i ll tlb haast port, means- COHt-rolled.. by brake Pire and lorakeL cylinder4 pressures opposed `to the pressure ot anjeniergency reservoir foi'l actuating `said `independent valve, and

-means whereby 'said pressure controlling valve will maintain they brake; cylinder pressure in directy proportion`v to the bralrepipe reduction. -V ,v z y v17. A triple valve for air brake apparatus" comprising a main slide valve, va gradu ating. valve, a piston connected to said valves and subjection one side to brake pipe pressure and vonits other sidel to auxiliary reservoir pressure and operating upon an increase `of brakepipe pressure to move the saidvalves to releasepositionto connect fthe brake cylinder toainain exhaust port -and toopen communication from` the brake pipe `to auxiliary reservoir,l and operating `upon a r'eductionof Vbrake pipe pressure to move said valves' to application position to Iconnect the auxiliary reservoir: AtoV *the* brake cylinder `'and rto close communication .from the brake v'pipe to: `auxiliary reservoirfsa'id communication with the brake cylinder being closed upon an equalization of pressures in the brake pipe and in the auxiliary resei-,

voir whereby a cert-ain volume of air will 'be discharged fromt-he auxiliary reservoir to the brake cylinder `for a given brake pipe reduction, a quick release valve controlling prcssuresfopposed yto the. pressure ofV an emergency reservoir for actuating saidlinl- .dependent "valve, and means whereby-'saidV pressure controlling valve will-maintain `the brake 'c' linder pressure in directproportion to the rake pipe reduction the'brake cy1- inder` pressure moving said independent vvalve 'to release position when said pres'- sure exceeds the desiredbrakecylinder pres`g sure, and emergency reservoir pressure inov`y v the brake cylinder pressure is below ing said :valve to applicationposition when the desired brake cylinderv pressure. l

18, A triple'valve forv air brake apparatus Vcomprising a main slide valve, a graduating. valve, 'a' piston connected to said valves and subject on 'one side tobrake pipe pressure rand on its other rside to'auxiliary reservoir pressure -andl operating upon an increase of br'akepipeVv pressure to move the said valves to release position to "connect the brake cylinder to va main Vexhaust port vand to open communication from the brake pipe to auxiliary' reservoir and operating f upon a reduction of brake pipe pressure Ato move said valves to application'pstionto ,pendent Vpressure .controlling valve.

vin the brake pipe land in the auxiliary freservoir `whereby a certain volume of air will be discharged from the auxiliary reservoir.l tor Vthe brake cylinder for a givenbrake pipe reduction, a secondary independent brake lcylindeil pressure. controlling valve adapted in service position'tofconnect the brake pipe y to the brake'cylinder through a cavity iin 'the main slide valve when saidrslid'e valve is in service application position, rand means controlled by brake pipeand brakezcylinder pressures" opposed to thew pressure of' r'an emergency reservoir for actuating Vsaid inde:

` n19. Atriplevalvefor air brake apparatus comprising a main slide valve, a graduating y valve, Vpiston connected .to said 'valves and t-o releaseposition to connectthe brake' cylinder-Ito amain exhaust. portand to open communication from the'A brake pipe to auxiliary reservoir, and operatingupon a reduction'.I of brakelpipe pressure to move saidv valves to application position to con-.

nect the auxiliary reservoir to the brake` cylinder and to closef` communication from the brake" Vpipe to auxiliary reservoir, said communication with. the brake.' cylinder being Aclosed upon lan equalization of pres# sures in the brakepipefand in the auxiliary reservoir whereby acertainy volume of air will :bedischarged from the auxilia-iyreservoirl to the brake cylinder fora. given brake pipey reduction, a secondaryf independent valve operatingupon a :decrease in brake pipe pressurervftoiconnect the brake pipe'to the brake cylinderand operating upon an increase inibrake pipe pressure to release positilonto connect the brake cylinder to atmosphere through a' secondary port, means controlled by brake pipe and` brake cylinder pressures lopposed to the pressure of an emergency reservoir for actuating said independent valve, and means whereby said pressure controlling valve will maintain the brake cylinder pressure in direct proportion tothe brakepipe reduction; Y y

y 20. VAtriple valve for nair'brale apparatus comprising a main slide valve, and' a piston connected to said valve and subject on Aone side to brake pipe pressure and on its other sideto auxiliary reservoir pressurev and operating upon an increase' of brakepipe pressureto move the main valve to a' releaser reservoir to the brake cylinder, in combination with means operated .by reductions of and` increasesv in brake pipe pressurel to build up the brake cylinder pressure.

u 21. A triple valve for air brake apparatus application position to connect theauxiliary.

reservoir to the brake cylinder, in combination with a pilot valve subject to brake pipe,` brake cylinder andemergency reservoir pi'essures,the brake cylinder pressure moving said pilot valve to lap position, and rneanswhereby'the brake cylinder pressure will` be built up` by cycling-operations.

22. A triple valve forair brake apparatus comprisingia mainv slide valve, and a piston `connected 'to said valve. and subject on one side to brake pipe pressurev and von its other side `to auxiliary reservoir 'pressure and operatingupon anv increase of brake pipe `pressure to move the main valve to release position and'operating upon a reduction of.

rake pipe pressure to move said valve to application position to connect. the auxiliary reservoir to,l the `brake cylinder, and provided withautomatically operating `means 'to build up brake cylinder pressure by cycling operations, the extent. ofthe build` up, ot brake cylinder pressure depending upon the rapidity'ofthe cycling operations. i 23.3iA triple valvefor air brake apparatus coniprisinga main slide valve, a piston connected 1to said valve and subject on one side to brake pipe pressure and on its other side to `auxiliary reservoir-1 pressure and operat ing' upon aniiicrease of brake pipe pressure to move the.` main valve to releasel position and operating upon a reductiongof brake pipe pressure to move saidvalve to applica tion position to connect the auxiliary reservoir to the brake cylinder, and provided i with a pilot valve and means wherebyitlie l main slide` valve `will build brake cylinder pressurebycycling operations,tlie extent of the build-up of brake cylinder pressure depending upon the rapidity of the cycling operations, and a release goveriiing `valve having a graduated release position and a quick releaseposition, said valve in its quick release,positioiL preventing tliebuild up of brake cylinder pressure and in its graduated `release position permitting the `said build up toyauxiliary reservoir pressure and operating upon `an increase of brake pipepressureto move the main valve to release position and operating upon a re'ductioniof brake pipe` pressurelto move .said valve to application position to connect the auxiliary reservoir to the brake cylinder, and provided With vautomatically operating means to build up brake cylindervpressure by cycling operations, tlie extent of the build-up of brake cylinder pressure depending upon the rapidity of the cycling operations, anda release governing valve having a graduated release position and a quick release position, said valve in its quick release position preventing the build-up of brake cylinder pressure and in its. graduated release position permitting` the said build-up of brake cylinder pressure'. i

' 25. A triple valve for air brakeapparatus comprising a main slide valve, a piston connected to said valve and 'sub3ect on one side to brake pipe pressure and on its other side:y

to auxiliary reservoir pressure and operating upon an increase of brake; pipe pressure to vmovethemain,valve to release position and operating uponV a reduction of brake pipe pressure to` move saidvvalve to application position to connect the auxiliary reservoir to the brake cylinder', and provided `with a vbrake cylinder pressure control chamber', a pilot valve, a `retention chamber, means operating upon a reductionof brakepipe pressure to move the pilot valve to application .positionto admit air into the brake cylinder pressure control chamber and .tothe bra-ke cylinder', saidmeans operating upon an in,- crease in brake pipe kpressure to move the pilot-valve to,r release position toconnect the control chamber to atmosphere, and means to move said pilot valve to lapposition to close comnjiunication between the control chamber and the brake cylinder, the main slide. valve in releaseposition connecting the brake cyl-` inder to the retentionchamber and the retention chaniberto atmosphere through a restricted port. fr

26. A triple valve comprising a. main slide valve, a piston'coir nected to-said valve and subject on one side to brake pipe pressure and on its otherv side to auxiliary reservoir. pressure andoperating upon anincrease of brake pipe pressure to move the main `valve to release position and operatingl upon a reductioirof brake pipe pressuregto move said valveto application position to connect the auxiliary reservoirto the bralrecylinder, a retention. chamber,l the in slide vvalve in. release position connectin d y the brake cylindgeito theretention chain-4 ber andy to atmosphere, the saidmainv valve in service position closing communication between the brake cylinder and the retention chamber and the retention chamber and atmosphere i v i c 27. A' triple valve for airgbralre apparatus comprising a main slide valve, va p i-stonlconiso nected tofs'aid valvev and subject on one side-` to 4brake'pipe pressure and on -itsother sideI to auxiliary reservoir pressure and operating upon" anincrease of'fbrake pipepressui'e toy "move the main valve to release-position and operatingupon afreductiongof brake pipe pressure tto'move said valve to application position to connect the auxiliary reservoir to the brakecylind'er, and'means whereby the main Eslide valve `will automaticallyl build up brake cylinder pressureby'cycliiig operations, the extent of the build-upv of brake cylinder pressure depending'upon the rapidity ofthecycliiig operations. y l

284A triple valve for air brake apparatus comprisinga main yslide valve, a piston Aconnected to said valve and subject oii'one side 4to brake pipe pressur'efand on its other side to Aauxiliary reservoir pressure `and operating upon an increaseof brake pipe pressure to move the main valve to release position land operatingupon a reduction of brake o'peration's,. y Y y 29. Any air brake apparatus comprising anV pipepressure to move said valve'to application position to lconnect thev auxiliary reser-V voir tojthe brake cylinder, and means Whereybythe main slidevalve `vvill automatically build up brake cylinder pressure by cycling emergency reservoir, an auxiliary reservoir,

-aV brake cylinder, a'brake'pipe, a main valve device anda secondary valve device botherl said "devices being 1operated by a reduction f of' brake-pipe pressure,'the,main valve device closing communication `between brake pipe and auxiliary reservoir and placing vthe auxkiliary'reservoir in communication With vthe brakeV cylinder and closing said brake -cylinder communication upon an equalization of brake pipe and auxiliary reservoir pressures,

`whereby a certain volume of air Will be discharged `from the auxiliary reservoir into the brake cylinder for a given brake pipe reduction, said 'main valve device also oper-V ating upon Aa sudden reduction of brakepipe pressure to place the emergency reservoir and auxiliary reservoir in communicationwith the brake cylinder .for an emergency application of the brakes, the secondary valve device placing the brake `pipe in communication with the brake cylinder and closingr saidV communication when a predetermined brake cylinder pressure Vis secured from auxiliary reservoir and brake "pipe, saidsecondary valve device being controlled by brake'pipe,brake cylinder and emergency reservoir pressures, and meanswliereby the main slide valve in service position Will conneet the brake cylinder to the brakepipe through vthe secondary valve andwill connect the brake cylinder to atmosphere through passages controlled by the secondary valve.` l 1 30. Anair brakeapparatus comprising an emergency reservoir, an auxiliary reservoir,

a 'brake cylinder, fabrake pipe, a main valve" device and a secondary''valve'devicey both-ot" said devices being operated byy areductionfv-r o f brake pipe"pressure,l the 4mainvalve de` vice closing communication between brake pipe and auxiliary reservoirI andfplacingl the auxiliaryV reservoir inl communication with' the'brake cylinder' andr closing said brake cylinder' communication upon faneq'u-aliza# Vtionfof brake pipeand auxiliary reservoir pressures,jwherebya certain volume of air Will be discharged from thefa'uxilairy ieser-1 voir-into the'brake cylinder `Yfor -af given brake pipe reduct.ion", 1 said main valve,k device :also `operatingr upon 'sudden `reduction' of brake pipe pressure" to placethe emergency reser'i voir and auxiliary reservoir 1in communica-v tion 'witlithe'brale cylinder for an emer-k gency application lot' 'the brakes, the secondary valve device* lacing thebrakepipe in communication with the brake cylinder and' closing saidcommunication-jvvlienr a predel termincd brake A'cylinder pressure is l secured 4from auxiliary `reservoir and vbrake pipe, said secondary valve deviceabeingcontrolled'.

by brake pipe, brake cylinder and emergency reservoir pressures, means Wlierebytlie main slide valve -i'n 'service position Will connect the brake cylinderto. the brake pipe andwill connect tlie' brake cylinder to atmosphere tlirouglr pass'agesc'ori'trolled by the findepen dent valve, and `means whereby the main slide valvein 'emergency position Will close -t-lie passages controlled by the independent valve. Y i

3l. Anl air brake apparatus' com'prisingan emergency reservoir, y,an auxiliary reservoir, a brake cylinder, a brake pipe, a main valve device and a secondary valvejdevice, both of said devices being operated bya reduction ofbr'ake pipe pressure, -the main valve device 'closiiig communication betweeii Y brake pipe and auxiliary reservoir* and placing the auxiliary reservoir in communication withy the brake cylinder and. closing said brakev cylinder vcommunication upon an'equalizaL tion' of brake Ypipe 'and auxiliary reservoir pressures, whereby acertain volume of air Will be discharged from theauxiliary rosen' voir into t-lie brake cylinder'fora givenbrale pipe reduction, the secondary valve device placing the `brake pipe in communication with theA brake cylinder and closing said ycommunication vv'lien a predetermined,brake cylinder pressure is secured from auxiliary reservoir and brake pipe.. said secondary valve device beingv controlled by brake pipe, brakezcylinder and emengen'cy reservoir pres# sui'es, and mean-s* whereby the main slide valve-in emergency `position will render th secondary valve deviceineective. i

triplevalve 'rai'r brake apparatus comprising a main-slide valve, a graduatingr valve, a" piston connected to vsaid ,valves and subject on one sideY to vbraliepipe pressure and on its other side to auxiliary reservoir iso pressure and operating upon anl increase of `brakepipelpressure to move the said Valves to release position to connectthe brake cylinder to a main exhaust port and to open communication from the brake pipe to auxiliary reservoir, and operating upon a reduction of brake pipe pressure to move said valves to application position to connect the auxiliarj-f reservoir tothe brake cylinder andito close.

communication from the brake pipe to IauX- iliary reservoir, said communication with the brake cylinder being closed "upon an equalization of pressures in the brake pipe and in the auxiliary reservoir whereby a certain volume of air will be discharged from the auxiliary reservoir to the brake cylinder for a given brake pige. reduction, a se'c- `ondary or pilot valve subjectto brake pipe, Abrake cylinder and emergency reservoir pressures and operating upon areduction in brake pipei'pressure to `connect the brake pipe to the .brake cylinder and operating upon an increaseinbrake pipe pressureto connect the brake cylinder to `atmosphere through a` "secondary exhaust port, land means whereby the main -slide valve in emergency position Will render the `secondary valve device ineffective.

33. An fair vbrake apparatus comprising an emergency reservoir, an auxiliary *reservoir, 'a ibrake Vfpipe,4 `a brake cylinder, main yvaJ-lve `means subjectto brake pipe pressure yand i auxiliary reservoir lpressure and Aoperating upon a freductionin brake pipe pressure to open'cemmunication v be- ",tvv'feen` `the brake `cylinder 'and to Iclose *communi-y cation `betvv'een the brake p ipeandauxiliary reservoir, said 4'communication iv-ith `.the

brake cylinder being closed-upon `an equalization of pressures in the bralrepipe and in Athe aiixiliary reservoir-Iwherebya certain volumeof i air Awill f be `discharged vfrom lthe auxiliary "reservoir "to the brake cylinder for 'a given vbrake lpipe reduction, -a Isecondary or pilot valve operating":upon areduction of brake pipe' pressure toHadmi-t brake pipe air only to thebrake cylinder until a predetermined pressure is built up in said brake cylinder'fromltheiiauxiliary reservoir and brake pipe, whereby the: move- `lnentol the said main valve lmeans `will be `1na`de certain by thelocal reduction roi'"braske pipe `pressure an-d the vpredeterminedpressure'in the brake cylinder will bemainta-ined regardless ofbrake cylinderfleaksiand variations -in brake cylinder piston travel, aneans `whereby the auxiliary reservo-irpressure xWillhold `the emergenc' reservoir sealed in the service" position the main valvemeans, and meansiwhereby theiimai-n valve in einen gency position will permit auxiliary reservoir pressure-to open communication ibetween emergency Sreservoir 1 and the auxiliary auxiliary `reservoir `and thelreservoir `for an emergency application `of the brakes. y

34. A. triple valve `for air brake apparatus comprising a mai-n'slide valve,a graduating g ve, apistonconnected 4to said valves and subject on one side to brake pipe pressure and `onits other side to auxiliary reservoir pressure .and -opeivati-ngupon anA increase tot brake pipe .pressure to move-.the ysaid valves to releaseipos-ition to connect thebrake cylequalization of vpressures lin the brakepipe and int-he auxiliary reservoir whereby a ce1"- tain volumeloi-air will `be dii'schargedifrom the auxiliary reservoir `tothe brake `cylinder for `al-given braketpipe reduction, rand provided with .a vpilot yvalve `and Ameans I whereby tlieifmain slide valve will build up brake cylinder .ipressure by cycling operz.

tions, theextentl of the buildvup .of brake cyl` inder l pressure,depending upon the rapidity of the cyclin-g operations. `and .fa release gov!v l" erning` valve vhaving a graduated release `position-unid a quick'release position, said valve in its quie-lr irelease position .preventing the buildup rif-:brake cylinderfpressure andin lits graduated releasejpositionpermitting the said build up' ofvbralre .cylinder'pressure .An airbralre apparatus. comprising` .an emergency reservoir, aniauXiliai-y reservoir, a brake cylinder, ajbralre pipe,a mainvalve device, atpilot valve-device, means whereby I.the main valve device will operate upon a. vrevduction of brake pipe pressure to connect the rauxiliaryi resein'oir. to the brake `cylinder zand then close'said rcommu-nication upon a substantial. equalization fof brake pipe zand auxiliary reserveirpressures, means whereby the pilot valve will: move to application posiltion and `connect Athe bralrev pipe to the brake cylinder upon a reduction of brake pipe pressure, means `whereby thepilot valve will `maintainthe bralreeylinder pressure at a predetermined ratioiftothe brake pipe reductie-n, said vpilot'valve vmoving to release lposition when the brake cy-lfinderpressure 4exceeds the predeter-mined ratio to the brake `pipereductirm land imovfing .toz application position lwhen the b-ralre ycylinder Ypressure is belowitlie predetermined ira tio to the brake pipe reduction, and means whereby the main l UU lli)

land pilot valves will be moved to release .positioniupontan increase of .brake pipe pressure. i l i 36. An air -brake.apparatus cenipri'singan emelrgencyreservoir, .an auxiliaryi reservoir,

a vbrake pipe, a brake cylinder, main valve means subject to brake pipe pressure and auxiliary reservoir pressure. and operating upon a. reduction in brake pipe pressure to' openfcommunication between the auxiliary reservoir-and the brake cylinder and to close communication between the brake pipe and auxiliary reservoir, -said communication With'the brake cylinder being closed upon .fin-equalization of pressure in the brake pipe and in the auxiliary reservoir whereby a certain volume. of air will be discharged from the auxiliary reservoir to the ,brake cylinder for a .given brake pipereduction, said main valve means operating upon an increase of brake' pipe pressurer to connect the brake cylinder to a mainexliaust port,

a secondary valve'fmeans operating upon a.

reduction offbrake pipe pressure to place Vthe'brake pipe inc ommunication withthe brake cylinder .andl close said communication l when a predetermined brake 'cylinder pressure is secured from the auxiliary reservoir zand brake pipe,-and operating upon an iiicrease of brake pipe pressure to slowlyureleasel brake cylinder pressure to a secondary exhaust Vportand independent of thev main exhaust port ofthe main valve means, said secondary valve means being controlled by brake pipe, brakev cylinder and emergency reservoir pressures, manually operable -means `in one position rendering the ymain a brake pipe; a brake cylinder; means subject to' brake. pipe pressure and auxiliary reservoir pressure andoperating upon a reduction in brake pipe pressure to open.

communication between the auxiliary reservoir and the brake cylinder and to close communication between the brake `pipe and jauxiliary reservoir, .said communication with the brake cylinder being closed upon an equalization of pressures in the brake pipe` and in the auxiliary reservoir, whereby a certain volume of air will be discharged from the auxiliary reservoir to the brake cylinderrfor agiven brake pipe reduction;

. and means operated by emergency reservoir pressure upon a reductionof brake pipepressure to .place a pressure supply inA communication with the brake cylinder, said means closing said communicationwlien the combined brake cylinder pressure andi-reduced brake pipe:pressuie dominates the emergency'` reservoir pressure, and thereafter controlling the degree-of pressure retained in the brake cylinder. Y

38. An air brake apparatus comprising an emergency reservoir; an auxiliary reser- Voir.; a brake pipe; a brake cylinder; means subject to brake pipe pressure and auxiliary reservoir pressure and operating upon a. reduction in Vbrake pipe pressure to open communication between the auxiliary reservoir and the brake cylinder andthe close communicationbetween the brake pipe and auxiliary reservoir, said communication with the brake cylinder being-closed upon van equalization of .pressures in the brake l pipe and in the. auxiliary reservoir, whereby av certain volumeof air` will be1 ldischarged from the auxiliaryreservoir tothe brake cylinder for a given brake-pipe reduction; .andmeans operated by emergency reservoir vpressure upon areduction of brake `pipe pressure to place a pressure supply in communication with the brake cylinder, said means closing said conimunica-tion when the combined brake cylinder 'pressure and ireduced brake pipe pressure dominates the emergency reservoir pressure.

39. jAn air brake apparatusl comprising an emergency reservoir; an auxiliary reservoir;

av brake cylinder; a brake piper; and two valve devices operated by a reduction ot' brake pipe pressure, one of said valve ,de-4 vices closing communicationy bet-Ween the Ybrake pipe and the auxiliary reservoir and placing the auxiliary reservoir in communication with the brake `cylinder and closing Vsaid brake cylinder communication upon an Vequalization of brake pipe and auxiliary reservoir pressures, whereby a certain volume orairwill be discharged from the auxiliary Vreservoir into the brake cylinder for a given'brake pipe reduction, the other valve device placing a secondarypressure supply in communicationA with the brake cylinder and closing said communication when a predetermined'brake cylinder pressure is secured from the auxiliary reservoir and the secondary pressure supply. v y

40.- An air Abrake apparatus comprising an emergency reservoir; an auxiliary reservoir;

a brakeV cylinder; a brake pipe; and two valve devices operated by a`r reduction of brake vpipe pressure, one closing communication betweenbrake pipe and auxiliary reservoir and placing the auxiliary reservoir in communication with the brake cylinder and closing said brake cylinder communication upon an equalization of brake pipe and. auxiliary reservoir pressures, Wliereby a `certain volume of air will be discharged from the auxiliary rreservoir into the brake .cylinder yfor a given brake pipe reduction, the other i en valve device placing a secondary pressure y supply in communication with the brake cyldevice being controlled by brake. pipe, bralrc cylinder and emergency reservoir pressures. 41. A triple valve for air brake apparatus comprising a main slide valve; ya graduating `valve; a. piston connected to said valves and subJecton one sideto brakepipe `pressure and on its other side to auxiliaryreservoir pressure and operating upon an increase of brake pipe pressure tov movetlie said valves to release position to connect the brake cylinder to a main exhaust `,port and to open communication from the brake pipe to auxiliary reservoir, and operating upon a reduc tion oi' brake pipe pressure to move said yalves to applicationposition to connect the auxiliaryreservoirto the brake cylinder and to close communication from the brake pipe to auxiliary reservoir, said communication with the brake cylinder beingl closed upon an equalizationo'l pressures in the brake pipe and in the auxiliary reservoir whereby a certain volume of air will be discharged from the auxiliary 4reservoir to the `bralie cylinderfor al given brake pipe reduction; a

secondary independent valve 'controlling al restricted exhaust and adapted to .slowly `release brake cylinder pressure upon an invalve;.a piston connected tosaid valves and "subject on one side "to `brake pipe pressure Til f* Voir and on its other side to auxiliary r ,f oli ressure and o Jeratine u )on an increU i i i i 3 i `brake pipe I )ressure to move the said valves to release position to coniiectthe brake cylinder to a `main exhaust port and to open communication from the brake pipe to auxiliary reservoir7 and operating upon a reduc tion of brake pipe pressure to move said lvalves to application position to connect the auxiliary reservoir to the brake cylinder and to close communication from the bralxe pipe to auxiliary reservoir, said communication with thebrale cylinder being closed upon an equalization of pressures in the brake pipe and in the `auxiliary reservoir whereby a certain volume of air will be discharged from the auxiliary reservoir to the brake cylinder for a given brake pipe reduction; a. secondary independent valve 'con trolling a restrictedexhaust and adapted `to slowly release brake cylinder pressure upon an increase of brake pipe pressure for a release of the brakes; means" controlled.. by

in one position will render the main slide Avalve `controlling in release operations and in another position. will renderythe secondary independent valve controlling in release operations; vand means wherebyy when the secondary valve ,is'controlling in release operations .the brake cylinder pressure will be released in direct ratio to the increase in brake vpipe pressure.

43. An air brake apparatus comprising an emergency reservoir; anauxiliary reservoir; a brake cylinder;a brake pipe;` amain valve device; a secondary valve. device;` `means whereby the main valve device will voperate upon a reduction of brake pipe pressure to connect the` auxiliary reservoirto the brake cylinder and then close'said communication upon a substantial. equalizationof brake pipe and auxiliary reservoir pressures; means'.

whereby the secondary valve will y' move to application position and connect a pressure supply independent ot' the auxiliary reseryoir to the brake cylinder upon a reduction of brake pipe pressure; means whereby the secondary valvewill `maintain the brake cylin-` der pressure ata predetermined "ratio to the brake pipe reduction, said secondary valve moving to releasev position whentli'e brake cylinder pressure exceeds the predetermined 4rat-io to the brake pipe reduction and moving `to application positionvvlien the brake cylinder pressureis below thepredetermined ratio y to the brake ,pipe reduction; vand means whereby the 'main and secondary valves will be moved-t0 release position upo'nfan increase oibrake pipe pressure. i

44. Anair brake apparatus comprising a 'single brake pipe; an emergency reservoir;

an auxiliary reservoir; means to charge both said reservoirs upon an increase of pressure in the said brake pipe; a brake cylinder; a main `valve device; a secondary valve device; means whereby-'the main valve device will operate upon `a reduction of brake pipe pressure to `connect the auxiliary reservoir to the brake cylinder pressure at a predetermined ratio to the brake pipe reduction; said secondary `valve 'moving to releasel position when the brake cylinder pressure exceeds the predetermined ratio to the brake'pipe revthe brake cylinder and then close said com- 

